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Resulting from the technological innovations, the use of electromagnetic fields gradually increases and thus people are exposed to electromagnetic waves at levels much higher than those present in the nature ( 1, 2, 5). In particular, the electromagnetic fields in the Radiofrequency (RF) zone are used in communications, radio and television broadcasting, cellular networks and indoor wireless systems. A discussion about the adverse effects of electromagnetic waves on the biological life has been ongoing since the discovery of electricity in the 19th century ( 6).Įlectromagnetic waves generated by many natural and human-made sources can travel for long distances and play a very important role in daily life. While the positive aspect of technologic innovation makes the life easier, it may also involve components that impair the quality of life via its certain negative effects.
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This electromagnetic spectrum begins at a frequency of 1 Hertz ( Hz), which is 1 wave per second ( 1, 2, 3). There are four subgroups of electromagnetic radiation fields with frequency and intensity. NIR can not cause ionization however have been shown to produce other biological effects, for instance by heating, altering chemical reactions or inducing electrical currents in tissues and cells. They include ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, radiofrequency and microwave fields.
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Non-ionizing (NIR) is a term for that part of the electromagnetic spectrum which has photon energies too weak to break atomic bonds. Ionizing radiations are extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves (X-rays and gamma rays), which have enough photon energy to produce ionization by breaking the atomic bonds that hold molecules in cells together. Classification of electromagnetic wavesĪccording to their frequency and energy, electromagnetic waves can be classified as either ionizing radiations or non-ionizing radiations (NIR).